PV solar power generation can be classified into three main types: off-grid, grid-tie, and hybrid systems. Each of these systems serves different purposes and offers unique benefits.

Off-Grid Systems: Off-grid solar power systems, also known as standalone systems, are designed to operate independently from the electrical grid. These systems are typically used in remote areas where connecting to the grid is not feasible or cost-effective. Off-grid systems consist of solar panels, a charge controller, batteries for energy storage, and an inverter. During the day, solar panels generate electricity, which is stored in batteries for later use. Off-grid systems provide a reliable and sustainable source of electricity, allowing individuals or communities to meet their energy needs even without grid access.

Grid-Tie Systems: Grid-tie solar power systems, also called grid-connected systems, are connected to the electrical grid. These systems utilize solar panels, an inverter, and a bi-directional meter. During the day, solar panels generate electricity that is used to power electrical loads within the building. If the solar panels produce more electricity than is being consumed, the excess power is fed back into the grid. Grid-tie systems offer several advantages, such as the ability to offset electricity costs, earn credits through net metering, and contribute to a cleaner energy grid. However, they do not provide power during grid outages, as they are designed to operate in synchronization with the grid.

Hybrid Systems: Hybrid solar power systems combine the features of both off-grid and grid-tie systems. These systems incorporate solar panels, batteries for energy storage, an inverter, and sometimes a backup generator. Hybrid systems allow users to benefit from both grid connection and energy independence. During the day, solar panels generate electricity, which can be used to power electrical loads, charge batteries, and feed excess power into the grid. The batteries provide backup power during grid outages or during nighttime when solar production is limited. Hybrid systems offer greater flexibility and resilience, providing a reliable power supply while also enabling the use of clean energy.